International Environmental Agreements Ppt

2 Overview Environmental issues are global in nature. Climate change, air and water pollution affect everyone. For example, car pollution in London or Mexico City can affect the climate in Tokyo, as carbon dioxide and other gases from factories and cars warm the atmosphere. Therefore, international environmental agreements are important. 16 The International Court of Justice assists in the settlement of disputes between nations on the basis of existing international law. Known as the World Court of Justice, it is based at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands. The IEA website is constantly reviewed and updated. During 2017, a comprehensive review took place with numerous bilateral agreements and a comprehensive update of accession measures for all multilateral environmental agreements and a large number of ANA. The current content includes more than 1,300 MEAs, more than 2,200 FTAs, 250 other environmental agreements and more than 90,000 “accession measures” of individual countries (date of signature, ratification or entry into force; Release notes here).

Many thanks to Jörg Balsiger and Lorris Germann of the University of Geneva, who identified more than 650 BEAs and created the basis for the IDB to become a comprehensive list of bilateral and multilateral environmental agreements. A list of BEAs by decade can be found here. Lists of treaties, conventions and other international environmental agreements containing links to the text, composition, performance data, secretariat and summary statistics. More than 1300 multilateral, 2200 bilateral and 250 “other”. Grouped by date, purpose and “ancestry” of legal agreements (e.B those relating to the Montreal Protocol). “Other” includes environmental agreements between governments and international organizations or non-state actors and not 2 or more governments. NEW: Membership links in lists of agreements now provide annual status reports and the same information in Stata format for data analysis. 14 The International Law Commission shall prepare drafts on questions of international law which are either chosen by itself or referred by the General Assembly. Once the Commission has completed its work on a topic, the General Assembly usually convenes an international conference to include the draft in a convention. The Convention is then open to States to become Parties, which means that countries formally agree to be bound by its provisions. 15 The Security Council deals with the application of international law Applies sanctions against nations that do not comply with the agreements Also has a peacekeeping force 6 environmental disasters Bhopal: the EU gas leak in carbide-3.

December 1984 Chernobyl: Explosion of a Russian nuclear power plant – April 26, 1986 Seveso: Italian dioxin-10 crisis. July 1976 The London smog disaster of 1952 – December 1952 www.lenntech.com/environmental- disasters.htmwww.lenntech.com/environmental- disasters.htm – for a list of other natural disasters. How many multilateral environmental agreements have been signed? Data or graph of agreements by year and type (treaty, protocol, amendment). 10 Role of the United Nations and international law The United Nations has contributed to the conclusion of more than 500 multilateral treaties and agreements. The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) is working to develop uniform international standards in international trade law. The United Nations International Law Commission, composed of 34 experts, promotes the development of international law and its codification. datasets of more than 150 environmental indicators (from secretariats or scientists) related to EIA in order to improve them in order to assess the impact/effectiveness of IEEs, e.B. Walernte (1910-2005); acid rain emissions (1980-2005); and emissions of ozone-depleting substances (1986-2005).

Use the Performance Data link or the “Data” links in each contract list. 7 Chernobyl: Explosion of a Russian nuclear power plant www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvAJ_u3Q 0Hw&feature=player_embedded#at=138 INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 1 Environmental law. 11 Before the United Nations. International law did not begin with the United Nations, but the organization played an important role in consolidation and enormous expansion. In 1873, when the International Law Association was founded, there were no more than 133 multilateral treaties in the world. 4 Montreal Protocol Under the agreement, 191 countries agreed to aggressively accelerate the phase-out of the last important ozone-depleting substances, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). The ozone layer is a layer of the Earth`s atmosphere that contains relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3). This layer absorbs 97-99% of the sun`s high-frequency ultraviolet rays, harming life on Earth 9 What are the international laws that govern the behavior of independent nations in their relations with each other? © 2005 West Legal Studies in Business, a division of Thompson Learning. All rights reserved.1 PowerPoint slides accompany the legal, ethical and international. 5 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution The objective of the Convention is for Contracting Parties to endeavour to limit air pollution, including long-range transboundary air pollution, and to reduce and prevent it progressively to the extent possible.

The Parties shall develop strategies and strategies to address releases of air pollutants through information exchange, consultation, research and monitoring. Ole Kr. Fauchald Categories of treaties n Treaties, conventions, alliances, declarations of intent, correspondence – irrelevant of. Global Environmental Policy – Module 1: Governments – Global Environmental Policy and Governments. 13 General Assembly It initiates, prepares and provides a forum for the negotiation of multilateral treaties Conventions are adopted by the General Assembly and then opened by Member States for signature and ratification. 3 Canada`s Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution in 1979 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete Ozone in 1987 And more than 19 judges are in office for nine years and may be re-elected for up to two more terms. Elections are held every three years, with one third of the judges retiring each time (and possibly standing for re-election) in order to ensure continuity within the Court. If a judge died in office, the practice was generally to elect a judge of the same nationality to supplement the term nationality Chapter 23 Section 4 An interdependent world. Globalism The idea that the world is becoming increasingly interconnected and interdependent is called globalism. American. 17 15 Judges of 15 different nationalities The Permanent Court of Arbitration appoints judges from each country United Nations General Assembly United Nations Security Council The World Court consists of fifteen judges elected by the United Nations General Assembly and the United Nations Security Council from a list of persons appointed by national groups to the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

United Nations General AssemblySubstantial arbitration course Our atmosphere The greenhouse effect. The sun The sun continuously provides the earth with heat and light. 18 Why do you consider it important to have only one judge of each nationality Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 February 2007 on the protection of the environment through criminal law ….